AAI PPP ROUND 3/Board briefing
Appraisal PDF ↗
Committed analytical case
Investment committee briefing

From airport evidence
to an investment decision.

AAI PPP Round 3 · Five proposed groups · Eleven airports

Current underwriting verdictReviewing the committed case

See what must change →
What the evidence means

Three decisions before a price.

  1. 01
    Reconcile what transfers and what must be built.

    Separate upfront/CWIP consideration, remaining authority works and private obligations. The inherited capital envelope is unverified.

    Lead: transactions + engineering
  2. 02
    Bridge reported accounts to concession cash.

    Verify airport tariffs, ANS/CNS scope, cost allocations and lifecycle condition. Accounting profit alone does not fund future obligations.

    Lead: finance + regulatory
  3. 03
    Prove service growth before expansion.

    Validate airline supply and peak constraints; pilot flight-timed access and commercial services before crediting new revenue.

    Lead: commercial + operations
Portfolio comparison

Where the current case stands

Calculated · not tender prices

Equity NPV is at zero passenger fee, after the entered consideration and capital programme, discounted at the current hurdle. A negative NPV is a return gap, not a cheque required today.

Evidence-led readiness

Know what is established.

Reported airport trafficSource vintages through FY2026 and September 2026 are retained.
Dated infrastructure referencesPublished runway snapshots, official project context and mapped footprints.
Final transaction and cost obligationsFinal tender conditions, transfer values, scope and ownership need verification.
Financed delivery and operating capacityOpening dates, condition, peak processing and sponsor commitments remain evidence gates.
Open the evidence library →
The airport portfolio

A network of different investment cases.

Location diagram from model reference coordinates. Lines identify proposed groups; no regional boundary, catchment or ownership is implied.

Bundle intelligence

Understand the asset mix.
Then test the price.

Operating history, accounting results and conditional investment value, held side by side.

Full-year operating trend

Reported passenger movements

Fiscal years end in March. Latest calendar-2026 YTD is shown separately.

Airport contribution

Different airports. Different interventions.

Reported + interpreted
Capital and bid strategy

Price the obligations.
Protect the capital.

Start with the committed case. Test one change at a time and distinguish valuation from funding.

Value-driver laboratory

What could reopen the price decision?

Single-variable tests

Changes in equity NPV at zero passenger fee. Each test starts from the same committed case; effects are not additive. A favourable base result still needs the combined downside and funding tests.

Sponsor funding

When capital may be called

Nominal gross injections over the concession. This chart is not peak committed liquidity, discounted value or an investment cheque today.

Existing configuration → authority programme → future options

Read the airport.
Understand the next investment.

Published layouts and dated masterplans for all 11 airports. Operational charts, authority proposals and study options carry separate evidence labels.

Appraisal and map atlas ↗

Certified as-built sets: not supplied. AIP charts are published operational references; mapped footprints and assumed heights support LOD 200 study. Future drawings do not establish completed works or concession liabilities.

Published existing configuration

Assets & operating reference

Officially published future programme

What AAI proposes

Aeronova TIA study options

Invest in stages, with evidence gates

01 · Confirm & reconcileSigned drawings, asset condition, AAI/private scope and title.
02 · Enable & protectLand, access, utilities, obstacles and construction continuity.
03 · Commission systemsTerminal, baggage, stands and service readiness as an integrated opening.
04 · Expand on triggersDemand, peak queues, airline commitments, coverage and funded equity.
Published map atlas

Inspect the source drawing

Open a plate to zoom and scroll. Source page numbers are PDF page positions. Original source PDFs preserve full drawing detail and printed revision information.

Flight-procedure chart links and coverage limits

Authority budget and construction interfaces

Open original source PDF ↗

Reference reproduction with source attribution. Check the original revision and current authority records before design or operational decisions.

Growth and capacity

Expand where evidence supports it.
Improve service where it does not.

Prioritise the bottleneck, confirm responsibility and fund the intervention. A concept in the twin is not an approved project.

01 / Existing programme

Integrate authority works first.

Varanasi's approved programme and other dated AAI schemes need scope, progress and transfer-cost reconciliation.

Official dated context
02 / Service and access

Measure the operating bottleneck.

Queue, baggage, accessible circulation and flight-timed surface pilots receive no automatic traffic or yield uplift.

Analyst candidates
03 / Capacity option

Commit only through a demand gate.

Test lead time, peaks, airfield/stand limits, land, permissions and finance before opening new annual capacity.

Conditional options
Airport action register

Match the response to the market

History + planning assumptions

Published layouts and future plans

Inspect the source drawings alongside the approximate 3D model. Existing AIP geometry, AAI proposed works and study options have separate evidence status.

Open airport layouts, future masterplans and safeguarding atlas →
Geospatial decision workspace

See the airport.
Interrogate the intervention.

LOD 200 approximate assemblies connect dated runway geometry, mapped surroundings, reported system banks and candidate reservations.

1 · Select the airportUse the airport selector in the viewer.
2 · Inspect evidenceSelect a feature for its source and geometry assumptions.
3 · Test the city interfaceToggle the illustrative OLS and hypothetical structures.
4 · Return to the investment caseAdopt projects explicitly; geometry alone earns no bid credit.

Public-source planning model · incomplete asset coverage · flat terrain and assumed heights · no as-built, obstacle or height-clearance certification

Evidence and reports

Every conclusion needs
a traceable basis.

Keep reported facts, dated official context, model assumptions and unresolved conditions distinct.

Published appraisal285 pages.
One reviewable record.

Fixed analytical snapshot, 3 November 2026. Airport and bundle appraisals, cash flows, sources and evidence gaps.

Read the PDF ↗
Asset evidence

735 records.
110 explicit gaps.

Mapped objects, reported quantities and unknown systems/condition/title fields retain their individual evidence status.

Search the asset register →
Scenario record

Retain the assumptions
behind the decision.

Exports save locally. The study does not submit a bid or automatically save into the company account workspace.

AAI reported dataDated official project / infrastructure contextIllustrative modelling assumptionUnresolved evidence requirement
Analyst workspace

Inspect the mechanics.
Keep the methods distinct.

The unphased benchmark and independent catchment planner are retained for exploration. Current recommendations use the project-linked underwriting case in Capital & bid.

These benchmark controls do not silently overwrite airport-specific profiles or adopted projects. Use full bid-case export to retain the current underwriting assumptions.
Source-linked operating and accounting tables · all five groupsPro-forma bundle operating history · AAI reported

Post-Covid performance · FY2022–FY2026 and latest 2026

FY2022 means April 2021–March 2022. The four requested years FY2022–FY2025 are shown alongside full FY2026 and separately matched FY2027 year-to-date figures from calendar 2026. Historic bundles are sums of their airport members, not historic concession-company accounts.

Year-on-year changes compare like periods. Recovery CAGR from FY2022 includes the pandemic base and does not determine long-term growth. No YTD figure is multiplied to invent a full year.

Reported financial performance · ₹ crore

FY2022–FY2023 show reported profit/loss from an official parliamentary reply; revenue and expenditure are not supplied there. FY2024–FY2025 use AAI airport-wise profitability tables. Airport-level FY2026 financial outturn has not been verified. N/A is not zero. These are accounting results under AAI, not EBITDA or future concession cash flow.

Bundle detail

Selected bundle reported accounts

Latest matched-period airport contribution

Passenger movements per aircraft movement is a throughput ratio, not airline seat load factor. Freight tonnes do not establish cargo revenue or parcel development value. Traffic tables do not establish EBITDA, capex outturn, delays, queues or service quality. The separate financial tables retain their reported accounting labels and source scope; obtain cash-flow and operating-log bridges before underwriting.

Aeronova TIA · public evidence / LOD 200

Existing assets → demand gates → funded projects

Approximate geospatial assemblies support option appraisal. Published runway snapshots, community-mapped footprints and schematic system banks have different evidence quality. This is an incomplete public-source inventory, not a surveyed as-built, current operational certificate or concession asset schedule.

Historic movements and realistic demand scenarios

Forecast assumptions and capacity gates

FY2027 uses actual April–September 2026 plus an explicitly assumed change in the remaining six months. ICRA’s August 2026 industry outlook supplies wider context. Long-term Airbus and IATA outlooks use different traffic metrics and geographies; they are context, not local airport growth guarantees. The scenarios have no assigned probability. Historic movements are arrivals plus departures, not unique flyers.

Asset evidence register · search quantities, geometry and gaps

Community footprints describe mapped objects, not ownership, condition or present use. Quantities with conflicting records are retained separately. Unplaced equipment is recorded without an invented installation location.

Capacity and service improvement pipeline

Orange twin geometry is a generic space reservation. Costs are broad analyst allowances. No project is adopted by default. Adding a candidate below creates additional equity-funded spend above the inherited lifecycle budget; reconcile overlap before treating it as a procurement plan. Only a capacity option releases an entered annual capacity after commissioning. Service upgrades receive no automatic traffic, yield or capacity credit.

Adopted case projects

Official authority budget / programme evidence

These are dated official planning records. BE/RE amounts are annual allocations, not full project costs, commissioned capacity or proven private concession obligations. Opening dates and cost allocation require confirmation.

Detailed underwriting · inputs, sensitivities, simulations and cash flowsDecision layer · version 3

Bid intelligence & capital discipline

Calculating underwriting…

Use this layer for conditional price decisions. The later financial workbench is an unphased benchmark. Final RFP economics, transferred CWIP, mandatory works, tariffs and land rights remain unverified. A model ceiling is not permission to submit a bid.

Investment committee case

Financial inputs come from the committed workbench assumptions, including the 15% equity hurdle by default. The overlay replaces its upfront and CWIP fields with one total allowance, phases terminal capacity and retains cash for future works. Initial capex remains included in lifecycle capex.

Protected bids first; base-case prices are a conditional negotiation reference

All fees are first-operating-FY ₹ per domestic-equivalent billable passenger, using the assumed international multiplier and escalation in the workbench. Policy: opening 75%, target 90%, hard stop 100% of the lower of base and downside ceilings, rounded down to ₹5. Percentages are editable negotiation rules, not estimates of competitors’ bids. “Hold” means no protected positive bid is supported; even a zero fee may fail. Base-only bands require an explicit decision to accept or mitigate the downside.

Takeover consideration · separate from works

The book reference or total consideration override follows the selected settlement schedule: annual instalments or a lump sum at handover. It is not a confirmed payable amount. The model does not add a generic CWIP allowance or treat book value as new construction. Confirm settlement and tax basis in the RFP.

What must change before this is financeable?

500 actual simulated paths per bundle

Simulation assumptions and interpretation

Seed 20261101. The same macro paths are used for all five groups. Independent triangular draws: traffic level 0.75/1.00/1.15; growth delta −1.5/0/+1 percentage points each growth phase; aero yield 0.85/1/1.05; non-aero 0.70/1/1.15; operating cost 0.95/1/1.15; capex 0.95/1/1.25; interest delta −0.5/0/+2.5 percentage points. Low/mode/high shown. Capacity delay 0/1/2 years has assumed weights 60/30/10%. Other inputs remain fixed. Initial debt scales with capex; consideration is fixed. Fee limits are solved for every draw using equity NPV, DSCR, repayment and any equity budget constraint.

These distributions are subjective stress coverage, not calibrated event probabilities, correlated risk forecasts or win odds. Pass percentages describe this sample only. Infeasible-at-zero paths have a null fee limit; for unconditional percentiles they enter as zero, with their count separately disclosed. No negative fee or subsidy is silently treated as a zero-fee success. P90 equity is a nominal sum of gross calls over the concession, not a present-day equity cheque. Retained cash earns zero interest. Full distribution/correlation and refinancing risk remain outside the model.

Selected bid cash flow & funding

Underwriting conventions & audit checks

The initial base-price capex is split equally at t0 and operating years 1–2, with in-operation tranches delayed by the delay setting. Debt funds the selected share of initial works only. The default demand case uses airport-specific evidence profiles displayed in Assets / LOD 200 / projects. The registered-project capacity mode holds the existing envelope at the greater of the dated annual reference and FY2026 observed throughput. Varanasi's approved 9.9 MPPA airport target is assumed available in FY2031 plus delay; the date is unverified. Other capacity increases require an explicitly adopted project. Lifecycle maintenance tranches alone release no capacity. Adopted projects add equity-funded spend in their entered year, nominally escalated; their capacity starts in their entered opening year plus delay. The alternative legacy benchmark mode retains the former assumed phase 1 and quarter-ultimate-capacity releases. No independent runway/peak-hour capacity model is implied.

Interest uses opening debt plus half-year draws; equal principal begins at phase 1 commissioning. Terminal debt must be zero. Straight-line depreciation, positive-profit cash tax with no loss carry-forward, working capital and nominal escalation follow the workbench. No salvage value, tariff pooling, refinancing or land-sale proceeds. Unknown upfront consideration is not depreciated. Ground capex is additional and all equity funded. Fee is paid on both arrival and departure throughput using the hypothetical billable share; actual tender definitions may change the value materially.

The cash waterfall first funds the annual operating/capex gap and a reserve equal to the selected months of current-year debt service, then retains up to the next selected years’ unfunded capex before distributing excess cash. Future works are not fully prefunded if cash is insufficient; subsequent equity calls are shown explicitly. Sponsor NPV discounts distributions less injections, including reserve funding. The reserve proxy is not a lender-approved forward DSRA covenant. Gross concession-life equity calls are used as the optional budget test. Zero equity budget means no budget constraint, not zero funding required.

Downside: traffic −15%, growth −1 percentage point, non-aero yield −15%, opex +10%, all works +20%, interest +1.5 percentage points, capacity/works delay +2 years. No probability is assigned.

Catchment transport · routes, economics and pilot controlsCatchment → service → cash

Ground links that can earn their operating cost

Twenty-two city links cover every airport. They are an investable pilot plan, not a surveyed origin–destination matrix or a list of confirmed services. Combine rail and bus interchanges, flight-timed departures, visible fares, luggage space and arrival reliability. Road travel times and all commercial quantities below are editable planning assumptions. Historical official pages support geographic context or an existing service only.

Rides = min(airport passenger movements × disjoint route exposure × capture, daily round trips × 2 × seats × operating days). One passenger movement supports at most one airport access ride in this model; exposure shares must total ≤100% per airport. This is not a unique flyer or population estimate. Operator contribution = fare revenue − airport receipt − ₹/km operating cost; no fleet ownership cost, tax or operator profit allowance is included. A positive contribution therefore does not prove bankability. Airport revenue is only its assumed net concession receipt, never gross bus fares.

Pilot before a subsidy or fleet commitment

  1. Survey flight-level passenger origins, luggage, fares, existing operators and actual 90th-percentile travel time for 90 days. Confirm permits, accessibility and terminal rights.
  2. Invite licensed operators to supply vehicles and staffing. Airport funds bays, passenger information and booking integration; do not include municipal highways or metro in private capex without a funded agreement.
  3. Use flight banks and pre-booking to match demand. Suggested gates: contribution break-even load factor plus 10 percentage points, ≥95% on-time airport arrival, and measured passenger satisfaction. All are proposed procurement KPIs.
  4. Increase frequency only after three months meeting the gates. Stop or resize routes that require an unapproved minimum-revenue guarantee. Retain an accessible taxi option.

Bid credit is deliberately narrow

Zero incremental air traffic is credited to the transport plan. Better access may shift existing passengers rather than create new trips; willingness-to-pay and diversion surveys must establish incrementality. Baseline non-aero revenue must exclude the same transport income before adding receipts.

Only routes with non-negative modelled operator contribution contribute airport receipts. Loss-making routes receive no receipt credit. Small airport programme costs and bay capex still remain in the enabled case; turn the programme off to test its cost. Municipal investment, operator fleet and passenger subsidies are excluded from airport cash flows.

Edit city link assumptions · all 22 routes

Changes apply after “Recalculate bid case”. Distance is a one-way road planning estimate, not routed GIS. Target time is a service objective, not a forecast. Zero round trips gives no revenue credit and indicates on-demand procurement only.

Operating model · revenue, procurement and capital disciplineOperate → retain → expand

A sustainable business model starts with funded obligations

Protect the initial investment

Start with a scope-to-asset register: mandatory safety and capacity works; already-paid AAI assets/CWIP; discretionary commercial projects; land and statutory interfaces. Tie each construction draw to a certified milestone. The official ₹8,622 crore reference contains ₹6,461 crore of sanctioned and additional works and ₹2,161 crore of book value. The master model separates these components. Historical lifecycle allowances remain illustrative; replace them with a verified scope and cost plan.

Use phase gates: design procurement when annual utilisation exceeds 80%; seek delivery before 90%, subject to two peak seasons, runway/stands, planning permission, cash cover and lender approval. These thresholds are assumptions. Annual movements alone cannot establish terminal peak-hour or runway capacity.

Revenue and cost actions with evidence gates

  • Core aviation: obtain each airport’s tariff order, charges and traffic mix. Replace the flat aero yield with an airport-specific tariff build. No guaranteed pooling or recovery of all capex is assumed.
  • Commercial: competitively tender retail, food, parking and advertising with measured passenger spend. Use net landlord receipts, commercial fit-out costs and non-aero revenue treatment. Cargo-handling/logistics upside is excluded from the base case. A separately costed override requires documented RFP-confirmed rights; contracted volumes and land rights alone are insufficient.
  • Smaller airports: shared procurement, finance and technology where service rules permit; seasonal/on-demand transport, flexible concessions and low fixed commitments. Maintain mandatory staffing and safety standards.
  • Funding: retain capex cash and service reserves, distribute only the surplus, and commit later equity before a mandatory project. A positive NPV with unaffordable future calls is not a sustainable funding plan.
  • Energy / resources: meter first, competitively procure efficient HVAC, solar or water projects only after measured payback and permits. No uncontracted carbon or energy credits enter the base bid.

Commercial and engineering turnaround test · not a promised result

Test an additional ₹100 net non-aero revenue per passenger at first-FY prices, 10% lower fixed opex, and 20% lower post-initial lifecycle works. Initial capex, fee rules and consideration are unchanged. This is an explicit unverified opportunity case; later capex reductions require scope approval and must not remove mandatory works. It does not establish that these savings can be achieved.

Edit phased annual capacity assumptions · all 11 airports

Phase 1 starts in year 3 plus delay; later capacity is released with lifecycle tranches. Capacity references are dated, and commissioning is unverified. These are master capacity assumptions. Adopted project cases also change the shared model at their specified spend and commissioning years; exploratory planning ideas enter only when explicitly adopted.

Submission gates & evidence ledger

Decision inputEvidence statusRequired to release a binding price
Five proposed groupsOfficial PPPAC index, 4 Aug 2026Final lot IDs and award / qualification rules
FY2021–26 trafficAAI reported source vintages, 66 observationsData-room audit, exempt/billable definition, airline/route dependence
Tariff / fee mechanicsRevenue proxies; multiplier, indexation and exemptions assumedRFP/concession + airport-specific AERA/AAI orders and tax memo
Initial / lifecycle works and considerationInherited unverified budgets + explicit allowance casesAsset/CWIP reconciliation, quantities, obligations and land funding without overlap
Capacity / OLS / city interfaceDated ratings, assumed phasing and illustrative OLSCommissioned capacity, thresholds, survey, CNS/PANS-OPS, obstacle/terrain assessment and permissions
Ground transportOfficial route/geographic context + 22 assumed pilot economicsO&D survey, permits, actual travel times and competitively priced operator contracts
Financing / sponsor15% hurdle; assumed debt, reserves and gross equity screenCommitted equity and lender terms; forward DSRA and covenant model

AAI airport charges register · Full official / assumption register · Blender / Three.js and illustrative OLS

Portfolio reconciliation and unphased benchmark
01 / Portfolio

Reconcile the portfolio before valuing it

Session starts with sourced FY2026 traffic and illustrative commercial defaults. Changes are not saved until exported.

Portfolio reconciliation & unphased benchmark

Benchmark fees below omit capacity phasing and reserve retention. Use the bid decision layer above for recommendations.

B1–B5 are retained internal dossier labels, not official lot numbers or investment ranks. Group composition is supported by the 149th PPPAC index (4 August 2026); final award terms require the tender pack. Traffic defaults are sourced AAI reported counts; capex and commercial inputs remain assumptions.

A simpler network view

Schematic only; no geographic boundary, aerodrome design or operational approval is represented.

What changes the investment decision

  • Confirm what is bought upfront, which CWIP costs transfer, and whether future capex duplicates AAI-funded works.
  • Reconcile passenger counts, domestic/international multipliers, exemptions and fee indexation against the RFP.
  • Obtain airport-specific tariff orders. The model uses a revenue-per-passenger proxy; it does not calculate AERA allowable revenue or pooled RAB.
  • Resolve land, staffing, security and handback obligations before committing a price.
02 / Financial model

Financial assumptions & unphased benchmark

Select a proposed group or build a hypothetical combination

Traffic sourced; commercial inputs assumed
Custom asset selection

A combined cash-flow sum assumes common commercial inputs. It confers no tariff pooling, legal bundling or regulatory right. Duplicate airports cannot be selected.

Edit model assumptions · timing, yields, costs, fee, capital, financing and tax

Inputs use nominal INR. Revenue/cost/fee rates begin in the first operating FY; legacy capex budgets are treated as first-operating-FY prices. Reset restores the supplied data and the explicitly illustrative modelling defaults.

Edit airport inputs · all 11 assets

Default FY2026 throughput and international mix use AAI March 2026 reported cumulative figures; user edits override these defaults. Original values are preserved in the traffic and audit tables. Historical lifecycle totals less historical initial allocations supply only the later works allowance. Official initial works and book consideration are reconciled separately. The shared master engine phases works, project spending and capacity; annual capacity is not a peak-hour operating simulation.

Committed changes apply to every group comparison. Uncommitted edits invalidate exports.

Revenue, fee and operating cash generation

Nominal ₹ crore. Lines use actual fiscal-year spacing. EBITDA is after the assumed AAI fee and before depreciation, tax and interest.

Model integrity checks

These checks test accounting consistency. They do not verify inputs, asset feasibility or tender compliance.

Annual cash flow bridge

t0 is the end of the FY before operations. Year 1–N cash flows occur at each FY end. Negative FCFE is an additional equity injection; positive FCFE is distributed. All money columns are ₹ crore, except passenger throughput in millions and DSCR in ×. CSV includes full annual detail and assumptions.

Exact formulas, timing conventions and limits
1 million passengers × ₹1/passenger = ₹0.1 crore. Traffic: legacy FY2026 throughput × successive annual growth factors × traffic level multiplier; each airport is capped at its legacy ultimate terminal capacity when enabled. Revenue = passengers (millions) × (aero yield + non-aero yield) / 10. Fee = [domestic pax + international pax × international weight] × billable share × fee × fee escalation / 10. EBITDA = revenue − variable operating cost − fixed cost per airport − fee. Tax = max(0, EBITDA − depreciation − interest) × tax rate. CFADS = EBITDA − cash tax − change in working capital. Debt close = debt open + debt draw − principal repaid. FCFE = CFADS − interest − principal − capex + debt draw − upfront payment. Equity NPV = Σ FCFE(t) / (1 + hurdle rate)^t, including t0. DSCR = CFADS / (interest + principal); N/A if debt service is zero.

Capital and funding: Initial capex is spent equally at t0, year 1 and year 2. The remaining lifecycle budget is split into four equal tranches at floor(20%, 40%, 60%, 80% of operating years), with a minimum of year 3. No automatic capacity-triggered capex is assumed. Capex escalates from year 1 prices; t0 uses the same base price. Initial capex draws the chosen debt share; later capex, upfront payment and additional liabilities use equity. Interest is charged on opening debt plus half in-year draws. Debt repays in equal principal instalments from year 3. t0 draws begin accruing interest in year 1.

Tax and cash: Capex is depreciated in equal annual amounts over the stated life, from the year spent (t0 starts in year 1). Upfront and additional land/CWIP placeholders receive no tax depreciation. Loss carryforwards, MAT, GST, tax shields on equity, financing fees, interest during construction and interest income are omitted. Working capital equals the chosen share of revenue and is released at expiry. No terminal value, asset-sale proceeds, residual debt or handback cost is assumed.

Decision limits: DSCR excludes capex; large future equity calls may still occur. There is no cash reserve or restriction on distributions. Sponsor funding for all negative FCFE is assumed available. The international mix is held constant. Yield escalation does not represent an approved tariff path. Capacity is not a surveyed constraint and the model assumes ultimate capacity exists from year 1. Hybrid-till, RAB recovery, aeronautical depreciation and actual regulatory settlements are not modelled.

IRR and fee limit: IRR is shown only for a single cash-flow sign change; multiple sign changes are flagged as potentially non-unique and NPV is used. The fee limit is a bisection solution within ₹0–₹10,000 that satisfies both equity NPV ≥ 0 and minimum annual DSCR ≥ the selected floor. It permits future equity injections and is rounded down to a whole rupee for display. Failure at zero is shown explicitly. Sensitivities recalculate the model; they are deterministic stresses, not probabilities.

03 / Bid sensitivity

Understand the price before choosing it

Fee × traffic level: equity NPV at the hurdle (₹ crore)

Each cell recalculates cash flows at 70%, 85%, 100%, 115% and 130% of the committed traffic level, with the capacity setting retained. Bold cells use the selected quoted fee. Green means NPV ≥ 0; it does not imply debt or tender compliance.

Deterministic scenario bridge

Downside: traffic ×85%, capex ×120%. Upside: traffic ×115%, capex ×90%. No probabilities assigned to this deterministic bridge. The bid decision layer separately runs actual seeded stress paths.

How exposed is the fee limit?

One assumption changes at a time; all other committed inputs remain fixed. The selected upfront consideration also applies to each group comparison as the same hypothetical total.

04 / Geospatial digital twin

Explore the airport, city and safeguarding envelope

Mapped footprints + explicit assumptions
Illustrative OLS, not an operational or height-clearance model.

OLS dimensions are editable assumptions applied to the dated primary physical runway axis. Ground is flat, airport elevation is an unverified legacy reference, and building heights may be assumed. Official thresholds, declared distances, runway category, terrain, CNS/PANS-OPS constraints and current CCZM/NOCAS decisions are not incorporated. Screening flags identify questions for survey and review; they do not establish actual obstructions or allowable construction heights.

Blender → GLB → Three.js r170
Load the geospatial scene

Blender-authored models and the Three.js engine are embedded in this file.

Airport modelMetres · local East / North frame
Drag to orbit · right-drag to pan · wheel/pinch to zoom
Mapped terminal footprintMapped city / assumed heightsCandidate reservationsApproach / take-offHorizontal / conicalPotential exceedance
Data coverage and acquisition timestamps will appear here. No live aircraft or airport telemetry is represented.

Runway-axis profile of the assumed surfaces

Profile is schematic with exaggerated vertical scale. Purple approach and blue take-off lines can overlap; the lower applicable surface controls this simplified screen. Threshold elevations are assumed level.

City-interface screening

Only a bounded sample of mapped buildings/masts is present. Unknown building heights default to 9.9 m; unknown towers default to 35 m. Footprint vertices and centroid are sampled against the lowest implemented surface. Terrain, unmapped objects, trees, cranes, roof details and minimum-clearance margins are omitted. “Below model surface” does not mean an obstacle clearance or NOC is available.

Potential exceedances and lowest model clearances

Edit the OLS assumptions and inspect the method

A uniform illustrative precision-approach-style envelope is applied to all airports, including airports whose actual runway category may differ. This is not a claim that these dimensions are prescribed for any of the eleven airports. Approach/take-off are shown at both runway ends. The mapped primary runway endpoints substitute for surveyed thresholds and take-off ends. No displaced thresholds or declared-distance schedule is available.

Approach: starts 60 m beyond each mapped runway endpoint; inner width 280 m; each side diverges at 15%. First 3,000 m rises 2%; next 3,600 m rises 2.5%; final 8,400 m is horizontal at 150 m above the assumed level runway. Take-off: starts 60 m beyond each endpoint; inner width 180 m; each side diverges at 12.5% to a final width of 1,200 m; length 15,000 m; slope 2%. Transitional: from a 140 m assumed strip half-width at 14.3% up to the 45 m inner-horizontal level. Approach-side transitions are also included while the approach is below 45 m. Inner horizontal: simplified 4,000 m-radius CIRCLE about mapped runway midpoint, 45 m above the reference plane. This deliberately simplifies the official runway-specific composite shape. Conical: circular annulus rising at 5% through 100 m; default outer radius 6,000 m. At each sampled XY, the minimum of implemented applicable surfaces is compared with site ground offset + assumed/mapped structure height. A positive exceedance is a potential issue under these assumptions only. Inside the assumed runway strip: special review is flagged; the screen does not model strip obstacle restrictions or grant clearance. No inner-approach, inner-transitional, balked-landing, outer-horizontal, CNS or PANS-OPS surfaces are implemented.

MoCA illustration of OLS families · AAI NOCAS applicant guidance · Official CCZM index

These references explain safeguarding context; they do not validate the default geometry for a particular runway. Use current official airport/threshold data and the applicable safeguarding process for actual proposals.

Geospatial provenance & editable source assets

Footprints: © OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0. The viewer embeds snapshots and makes no map-tile requests. Local coordinates use the WGS84 ellipsoid projected to an East/North tangent frame. Ground is flattened to zero; no terrain model or satellite image is present. The reference origin is derived from the mapped runway midpoint and is not an official ARP. Meshes were authored/exported in Blender; the interactive renderer uses Three.js, OrbitControls and GLTFLoader under the MIT licence.

The separate Blender file contains all airport collections in an atlas arrangement. Individual GLBs retain airport-local coordinates; the manifest records each origin, OSM references, timestamps, dimensions, height assumptions and content hashes. Financial inputs remain independently editable and are not inferred from these visual models. OLS/probe settings use a separate twin-case JSON export.

Independent traffic / expansion benchmark

This legacy standalone planner is a benchmark and does not price adopted projects. Use the Assets / LOD 200 / projects section and bid case for the current airport forecasts, evidence gaps and linked project cash flows.

05 / Legacy scenario planner · historic traffic & expansion

Plan expansion from demand and bottlenecks

Observed traffic, dated capacity and planning assumptions are separate.

History uses AAI’s published April–March cumulative total-passenger figures. Counts include passenger movements, not unique people. Capacity is the latest dated official reference located in this review where available; otherwise a marked legacy assumption. Current commissioning status and declared runway capacity remain unverified. New planner results do not automatically change the financial capex schedule or its ultimate-capacity assumption.

Six financial years of reported passenger traffic · FY2021–FY2026

FY2026 = April 2025–March 2026. These are the figures as published in the linked source vintages; later AAI revisions can differ. Zero is a reported zero, not missing data. FY2021–FY2022 were affected by COVID; rebound growth is not a sustainable long-run assumption. March 2026 figures come from AAI’s currently linked Mar2k26Annex3_0.pdf, rather than the superseded broken URL.

Historical traffic

AAI reported

Demand versus available terminal capacity

Unconstrained demand grows from the reported FY2026 base at the planning case’s editable phased growth rates (default 7% / 4% / 2%). Use the copy button to match committed financial growth. Solid capacity is the planning case’s current annual capacity, stepping to an illustrative next-phase capacity at the selected commissioning FY. Unmet demand is a potential capacity gap, not a forecast of passengers actually handled.

Capacity evidence and first expansion triggers · all eleven airports

“Source dated” does not mean confirmed as of November 2026. Peak-hour and runway inputs may be legacy assumptions. Simultaneous terminal occupancy is not necessarily a measured peak-hour processing rate. Trigger years are screening signals, not approved construction dates.

Edit expansion screening assumptions and phase inputs

Estimated PHP = annual passengers × peak-hour share. Indicative passenger ATM/hour = PHP ÷ (seats × load factor). Freight, positioning, general aviation, seasonality and flight-bank bunching are omitted. Annual/peak/runway capacity units are separate; no fixed universal conversion is asserted.

For each airport, grow FY2026 reported throughput with the financial model’s phased CAGR assumptions. Find first FY reaching the selected annual, peak-hour and runway planning thresholds, using CURRENT capacity before expansion. Find first FY reaching 100% of any current annual, peak-hour or runway capacity input. Suggested decision FY = earliest of the planning-threshold FY and (first 100% FY − delivery lead time). Years already passed are flagged “already due”; no retrospective capacity is created. The next-phase annual capacity and commissioning FY form a separate illustrative capacity step. They do not change the trigger calculation against the existing facilities and do not increase peak-hour / runway capacities automatically. Demand beyond annual phase capacity is shown as a gap. An annual terminal expansion alone does not resolve runway, apron, processing or OLS/land constraints.
Read the original traffic rows and capacity-source register
Catchment assumptions and geographic bands
06 / Flyer catchments

Distinguish geography from potential flyers

Geographic reach and competing gateways

Distance rings are geodesic-radius assumptions, not road drive-time isochrones or surveyed market boundaries. Competitor points use OurAirports’ public-domain community locations; route schedules, reliability, pricing and airline market shares have not been verified. No population is inferred from the ring area. North is up.

These are analyst-selected airport and locality candidates for market research. Catchments overlap: do not add airport flyer estimates as unique regional people. Hills, borders and road/rail access can sharply change the effective market.

Convert traffic into illustrative flyer equivalents

No passenger-origin survey or verified catchment population was supplied. The top-down view infers resident and visitor flyer equivalents from reported throughput using explicit trip-frequency assumptions. It does not measure unique flyers. A separate bottom-up resident-demand calculation remains blank until population is entered; population and propensity assumptions are not verified forecasts.

Resident flyer equivalents = reported airport pax × resident share ÷ (2 × resident round trips per year). Inbound visitor equivalents = reported airport pax × (1 − resident share) ÷ (2 × visitor round trips per year). Bottom-up resident passenger movements = catchment population × annual flying share × resident round trips × 2 × airport capture. These are alternative lenses; do not add bottom-up demand to the observed traffic that already includes residents. The factor 2 counts arrival + departure for a return journey through the same airport; one-way/open-jaw travel and transfers need separate treatment.

Validate district/ward population, income and age mix, trip purpose, fares, surface access, competing airports and tourism-origin surveys before treating this as a market forecast. The financial model is not automatically rebased to the bottom-up estimate.

Airport diligence · operating references and unresolved conditions07 / Airport diligence

Keep engineering claims separate from evidence

These airport records and risk prompts are inherited from the supplied dossier and remain unverified. They are useful questions for the data room, not design standards or contractual commitments.

Selected group: risk register & pre-bid questions

Legacy likelihood and impact ratings are subjective 1–5 inputs. Article and schedule references have not been checked against a concession agreement. Proposed mitigations are requests for clarification, not enforceable protections.

Detailed source register · assumptions, formulas and audit trail08 / Sources & audit

What is established, assumed or still missing

Official evidence register · reviewed 1 November 2026

Verified official context

S1 · Department of Economic Affairs, PPPAC meeting index. The 149th meeting entry dated 4 August 2026 lists the five airport groupings used here. The index confirms the proposals considered; the accessible entry does not establish their final tender terms or approval conditions.

Read official PPPAC record index
Verified official policy context

S2 · NITI Aayog, National Monetisation Pipeline 2.0, §3.6, printed pp. 52–54. The policy describes OMDA participation, passenger-fee revenue and recovery of previous investment through upfront payments. It anticipates an initial eleven-airport transaction. It does not settle this transaction’s fee definitions or upfront sums.

Read official NMP 2.0 publication
Unverified transaction terms

S3 · Final Round 3 tender pack — not verified. No final RFP, executed/draft concession agreement with addenda, bidder qualification schedule, award cap, payment definition, commencement date, concession duration, indexation rule, international fee multiplier, exemption list, AERA pooling decision or land obligation was established from the official documents reviewed. The model’s 50 years and FY2028 commencement are assumptions.

Legacy data & new assumptions

L1 · User-supplied HTML. Passenger volumes, mix, capex, capacities, airport dimensions, land claims, project dates, scores and risk prompts remain unverified. Arithmetic reconciliation does not promote them to facts. M1 · Revised model defaults. Growth rates, yields, costs, funding, timing, depreciation, tax and fee mechanics are explicitly illustrative and editable. S4: default FY2026 traffic and international mix now use sourced AAI reported data; legacy values remain in the audit trail. No independent valuation or traffic study is asserted.

Numerical reconciliation of the original dossier

Original capex category totals form an alternative classification of the lifecycle total; they are not additional to it. Initial capex is included in lifecycle capex. Nominal escalated model spend is separately calculated and will exceed the base-price budget when escalation is positive.

Legacy weighted score audit

Weights and component ratings are retained as subjective legacy judgments. Scores are recalculated as Σ rating × weight / 100. They are excluded from the model’s fee limit and do not determine an investment rank.

Repair and interpretation log

  • Replaced missing quote, chart, annual financial and 3D callbacks with a complete local model, input validation and native HTML/SVG interactions.
  • Embedded Three.js and Blender-authored GLBs for an offline 3D viewer. Source links need internet; no map tiles or external assets are requested.
  • Replaced hard-coded IRRs and fabricated simulation results with recalculated cash flows. Version 3 adds 500 actual seeded stress paths per bundle, phased capacity, cash retention and explicit consideration scenarios.
  • Replaced unsupported quotes with transparent conditional bid policies and Hold decisions where downside tests fail. No pooled RAB guarantee, compliance assertion or unverified official clause is used.
  • Recalculated weighted scores, international shares, utilisation ratios and portfolio totals from the airport rows. No correct capex totals were changed merely to appear revised.
  • Added OSM georeferenced footprints, Blender assets and editable illustrative OLS. Mapped footprints, assumed heights and planning geometry are labelled separately; certified surveys remain required.

Before a bid can be approved

  1. Obtain and version the final tender pack, schedules and all addenda; resolve official lot IDs, eligibility, award limits and concession dates.
  2. Reconcile sourced FY2026 reported traffic and international mix with audited data-room records; confirm throughput versus billable passenger definitions and exemptions.
  3. Reconcile upfront consideration, existing assets, CWIP, mandatory capex, land funding and handback costs without double counting.
  4. Build airport-specific AERA/tariff and tax schedules, including allocation of non-aero revenue. Confirm whether pooling is legally permitted.
  5. Validate construction/capacity timing, debt terms, reserves, sponsor liquidity and operational costs against data-room records and lender requirements.